thyroid surgery

Thyroid surgery, or thyroidectomy, is a procedure to remove all or part of the thyroid gland due to conditions like cancer, nodules, or hyperthyroidism. A total thyroidectomy removes the entire gland, while a partial thyroidectomy (or thyroid lobectomy) removes only one lobe. Recovery often involves pain management and, after a total removal, lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Why thyroid surgery is performed Thyroid cancer: It is the most common surgery for thyroid cancer, especially for larger or high-risk tumors. Goiter: To relieve pressure on the trachea or esophagus from an enlarged thyroid gland. Hyperthyroidism: When the thyroid is overactive and other treatments are not effective. Thyroid nodules: To remove benign tumors that are causing symptoms or are a cosmetic concern. Other disorders: Autoimmune diseases or inflammatory processes. Types of thyroidectomy Total thyroidectomy: The entire thyroid gland is removed. This is often recommended for high-risk cancers to prevent recurrence. Partial thyroidectomy (Lobectomy): Only one lobe of the gland is removed. This may be an option for low-risk conditions, and sometimes the thyroid can continue to function normally. Near-total thyroidectomy: Nearly all of the thyroid is removed, but a small amount is left behind. This is less common today.